Precipitation Data Directory
Precipitation Data Directory
Important Notes & Links
- Use of the PPS data servers and STORM requires you to first register your email address.
- As of July 7, 2023, GPM Level 2 and 3 products and filenames have been updated to V07B. IMERG Early and Late have been updated to V06D, and IMERG Final Run is undergoing retrospective processing and is being updated to V07. Learn more.
- As of January 19, 2021, FTP access to the GPM research data server "arthurhou" is no longer available, and you must use either FTPS or HTTPS to access GPM research data.
- Data Usage Policy and Citation Instructions
- View Data Product DOI's
Geophysical parameters that have been spatially and/or temporally resampled from Level 1 or Level 2 data.
IMERG Early Run
Near real-time low-latency gridded global multi-satellite precipitation estimates
This algorithm is intended to intercalibrate, merge, and interpolate “all” satellite microwave precipitation estimates, together with microwave-calibrated infrared (IR) satellite estimates, precipitation gauge analyses, and potentially other precipitation estimators at fine time and space scales for the TRMM and GPM eras over the entire globe. The system is run several times for each observation time, first giving a quick estimate (IMERG Early Run) and successively providing better estimates as more data arrive (IMERG Late Run). The final step uses monthly gauge data to create research-level products (IMERG Final Run).
The main difference between the IMERG Early and Late Run is that Early only has forward propagation (which basically amounts to extrapolation) due to the short latency, while the Late has both forward and backward propagation (allowing interpolation).
Notes:
- The PPS has completed reprocessing GPM IMERG data for IMERG V06B. The IMERG dataset now includes TRMM-era data going back to June 2000.
- As of IMERG V05B, full coverage is provided for the latitudes of 60°N-60°S, while the remaining upper and lower latitudes extending to 90° are considered "partial coverage".
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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GES DISC | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | Visualization, GeoTIFF, HDF5, NetCDF, OPeNDAP | 30 Minute, 1 Day |
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PPS Near Real-time | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | HDF5 | 30 Minute |
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Worldview | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | Visualization | 30 Minute, 1 Day |
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IMERG Global Viewer | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization | 30 Minute, 1 Day, 7 Day |
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Giovanni | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization, GeoTIFF, KMZ, NetCDF | 30 Minute, 1 Day |
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30 Minute: https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/#service=TmAvMp&starttime=&endtime=&data=GPM_3IMERGHHE_06_precipitationCal&dataKeyword=3IMERGHHE |
PMM Publisher API | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization, GeoTIFF | 30 Minute, 3 Hour, 1 Day, 7 Day |
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PPS Near Real-time | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | GeoTIFF | 30 Minute, 3 Hour, 1 Day |
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NASA Disasters Mapping Portal | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization, GeoTIFF | 30 Minute, 3 Hour, 1 Day | 30 Minute: https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov/arcgis/home/item.html?id=7bf768cc296646d8903e3b39ae3cfff8 |
IMERG Late Run
Near real-time gridded global multi-satellite precipitation estimates with quasi-Lagrangian time interpolation
This algorithm is intended to intercalibrate, merge, and interpolate “all” satellite microwave precipitation estimates, together with microwave-calibrated infrared (IR) satellite estimates, precipitation gauge analyses, and potentially other precipitation estimators at fine time and space scales for the TRMM and GPM eras over the entire globe. The system is run several times for each observation time, first giving a quick estimate (IMERG Early Run) and successively providing better estimates as more data arrive (IMERG Late Run). The final step uses monthly gauge data to create research-level products (IMERG Final Run).
The main difference between the IMERG Early and Late Run is that Early only has forward propagation (which basically amounts to extrapolation), while the Late has both forward and backward propagation (allowing interpolation). The additional 10 hours of latency allows lagging data transmissions to make it into the Late run, even if they were not available for the Early.
Notes:
- The PPS has completed reprocessing GPM IMERG data for IMERG V06B. The IMERG dataset now includes TRMM-era data going back to June 2000.
- As of IMERG V05B, full coverage is provided for the latitudes of 60°N-60°S, while the remaining upper and lower latitudes extending to 90° are considered "partial coverage".
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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GES DISC | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | Visualization, GeoTIFF, HDF5, NetCDF, OPeNDAP | 30 Minute, 1 Day |
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PPS Near Real-time | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | HDF5 | 30 Minute |
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PPS Near Real-time | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | GeoTIFF | 30 Minute, 3 Hour, 1 Day, 3 Day, 7 Day, 1 Month |
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PMM Publisher API | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization, GeoTIFF | 1 Day, 3 Day, 7 Day |
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NASA Disasters Mapping Portal | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) | Visualization, GeoTIFF | 7 Day | 7 Day: https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov/arcgis/home/item.html?id=750a2e775b84468e980c360e1da18e05 |
IMERG Final Run
Research-quality gridded global multi-satellite precipitation estimates with quasi-Lagrangian time interpolation, gauge data, and climatological adjustment
This algorithm is intended to intercalibrate, merge, and interpolate “all” satellite microwave precipitation estimates, together with microwave-calibrated infrared (IR) satellite estimates, precipitation gauge analyses, and potentially other precipitation estimators at fine time and space scales for the TRMM and GPM eras over the entire globe. The system is run several times for each observation time, first giving a quick estimate (IMERG Early Run) and successively providing better estimates as more data arrive (IMERG Late Run). The final step uses monthly gauge data to create research-level products (IMERG Final Run).
The main differences between the IMERG Early and Late Run are:
- The half-hourly Final Run product uses a month-to-month adjustment to the monthly Final Run product, which combines the multi-satellite data for the month with GPCC gauge analysis. The adjustment within the month in each half hour is a ratio multiplier that's fixed for the month, but spatially varying.
- The Late Run is computed about 14 hours after observation time, so sometimes a microwave overpass is not delivered in time for the Late Run, but subsequently comes in and can be used in the Final. This would affect both the half hour in which the overpass occurs, and (potentially) morphed values in nearby half hours.
We always advise people to use the Final Run for research unless their application will require the use of Early or Late data due to latency. In such a case, the application should be developed using the long-record of the Early or Late, as appropriate. The vast majority of grid boxes have fairly similar Late and Final values over ocean, and to a lesser extent over land. Extreme value statistics are more sensitive to these details; medians, means, and root-mean square difference are less sensitive.
Notes:
- IMERG Final Run V06 data production halted in Sept. 2021. Retrospective processing of IMERG Final commenced in July 2023 using the new IMERG V07 code system and was completed in late Aug. 2023. V06 and V07 are sufficiently different that users are discouraged from mixing data from the two versions. Anomalous values discovered in several input datafiles forced a second Final Run V07 reprocessing that should we completed by the end of 2023. V07 Early and Late Run processing will commence after the Final is completed. Please visit the Data News page for the latest updates.
- The PPS has completed reprocessing GPM IMERG data for IMERG V06B. The IMERG dataset now includes TRMM-era data going back to June 2000.
- As of IMERG V05B, full coverage is provided for the latitudes of 60°N-60°S, while the remaining upper and lower latitudes extending to 90° are considered "partial coverage".
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Research | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | HDF5 | 30 Minute, 1 Month |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
GES DISC | Multisatellite | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) / precipitationCal | Visualization, GeoTIFF, HDF5, NetCDF, OPeNDAP | 30 Minute, 1 Day, 1 Month |
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PPS Research | Multisatellite | Precipitation Accumulation (mm) & Precipitation Rate Averaged Over Time | GeoTIFF | 30 Minute, 1 Day, 1 Month |
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3B Combined
Gridded rainfall estimates from combined radar/radiometer data (GPM GMI & DPR, TRMM TMI & PR)
The GPM Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm performs two basic functions: first, it provides, in principle, the most accurate, high resolution estimates of surface rainfall rate and precipitation vertical distributions that can be achieved from a spaceborne platform, and it is therefore valuable for applications where information regarding instantaneous storm structure are vital. Second, a global, representative collection of combined algorithm estimates will yield a single common reference dataset that can be used to “cross-calibrate” rain rate estimates from all of the passive microwave radiometers in the GPM constellation. The cross-calibration of radiometer estimates is crucial for developing a consistent, high time-resolution precipitation record for climate science and prediction model validation applications.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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GES DISC | GPM DPR, GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | 1.5 Hour, 1 Month |
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1.5 Hour GPM: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_3CMB_DAY_07/summary |
PPS Research | GPM DPR, GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour, 1 Month |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/
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3A Radar
Gridded rainfall estimates from radar data (GPM DPR, TRMM PR)
The Level 3 DPR product provides space-time statistics of the level 2 DPR results. High and low spatial resolution grids are defined such that the high-resolution grid is 0.250 × 0.250 (lat×lon) while the low resolution grid is 50 × 50. For the variables defined on the low-resolution grid, the statistics include mean, standard deviation, counts and histogram. For variables defined on the high-resolution grid, the same statistics are computed with the exception of a histogram, which is omitted.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Research | GPM DPR, TRMM PR | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1 Day, 1 Month |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/
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GES DISC | GPM DPR, TRMM PR | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | 1 Day, 1 Month |
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1 Day GPM: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_3DPRD_07/summary 1 Day TRMM: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_3PR_ASC_06/summary?keywords=gpm%203a%20radar |
3A Radiometer (GPROF)
Gridded rainfall estimates from GPM GMI, TRMM TMI, and constellation microwave radiometers
3GPROF, 'GPROF Profiling', produces global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded means using Level 2 Gprof data. Vertical hydrometeor profiles and surface rainfall means are computed. Various pixel counts are also reported. The PI is Joyce Chou. The product can be monthly or daily.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Research | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1 Day, 1 Month |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
GES DISC | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | 1 Day, 1 Month |
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1 Day: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?keywords=%223GPROF%22&page=1&sort=version&processingLevel=3&project=GPM&temporalResolution=1%20day |
Derived geophysical parameters at the same resolution and location as those of the Level 1 data.
As of the GPM Version 6 reprocessing cycle, the radars on both the TRMM and GPM satellites have their data products written in the HDF5 file format. Also as of Version 6 the research products are stored in the same FTP archive for both satellites, ftp://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The FTP archive is organized into directories whose names are "yyyy/mm/dd/radar/" where yyyy, mm, and dd are the four-digit year and the two-digit month and day of month, respectively. In prior reprocessing cycles, TRMM and GPM data products were stored in different FTP archives. As of May 2020, PPS distributes near-realtime GPM data via FTPS and HTTPS rather than FTP. A similar switch is expected to occur with research data products later in 2020.
2B Combined
Single-orbit rainfall estimates from combined radar/radiometer data (GPM GMI & DPR, TRMM TMI & PR)
The GPM Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm performs two basic functions: first, it provides, in principle, the most accurate, high resolution estimates of surface rainfall rate and precipitation vertical distributions that can be achieved from a spaceborne platform, and it is therefore valuable for applications where information regarding instantaneous storm structure are vital. Second, a global, representative collection of combined algorithm estimates will yield a single common reference dataset that can be used to “cross-calibrate” rain rate estimates from all of the passive microwave radiometers in the GPM constellation. The cross-calibration of radiometer estimates is crucial for developing a consistent, high time-resolution precipitation record for climate science and prediction model validation applications.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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GES DISC | GPM DPR, GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | 1.5 Hour |
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GPM: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_2BCMB_07/summary |
PPS Near Real-time | GPM DPR, GPM GMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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PPS Research | GPM DPR, GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/
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2A Radar
Single-orbit radar rainfall estimates for GPM DPR, Ka, Ku and TRMM PR
GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) single-orbit rainfall estimates. The objective of these radar algorithms is to generate f radar-only derived meteorological quantities on an instantaneous FOV (field of view) basis working from the level 1 radar products. A subset of these estimates serves as input data to the level 2 combined radar-radiometer algorithm and the level 3 combined and radar-only products. The general idea behind these level 2 algorithms is to determine general characteristics of the precipitation, correct for attenuation, and estimate profiles of the precipitation water content, rainfall rate. When dual-wavelength data are available, the algorithm also estimates the particle size distributions in the phase of the precipitation (i.e., liquid or frozen). GPM's dual-wavelength data will provide better estimates of rainfall and snowfall rates than those of the TRMM PR data.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Near Real-time | GPM DPR, GPM Ka, GPM Ku | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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GES DISC | GPM DPR, GPM Ka, GPM Ku, TRMM PR | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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PPS Research | GPM DPR, GPM Ka, GPM Ku, TRMM PR | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
2A Radiometer (GPROF & PRPS)
Single-orbit radiometer rainfall estimates from GPM GMI, TRMM TMI, and constellation microwave radiometers
The 2A GPROF and 2A PRPS algorithms estimate precipitation rate from single orbits brightness temperature data from passive-microwave radiometers. The algorithms also uses ancillary information about Earth’s atmosphere and surface. The GPM archive contains 2A GPROF granules for the following instruments, whose satellite names are stated in parentheses in the following list: GMI (GPM), TMI (TRMM), SSMI (F11 through F15), SSMIS (F16, F17, F18), AMSUB (NOAA 16, 17, 18), AMSRE (Aqua), AMSR2 (GCOM W1), MHS (NOAA 18, 19, and 20; METOP A, B, C), and ATMS (NPP). The PRPS algorithm is run on the SAPHIR observations from the Megha-Tropiques satellite.
For instruments currently in orbit, there are near-realtime (NRT) products and standard-research products. All instruments have climate products that are designated 2A-CLIM GPROF or 2A-CLIM PRPS. The difference between climate products and standard-research products is that climate products use ancillary data that are not produced until approximately 3 months after the satellite observations are made.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Research | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
GES DISC | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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GPM GMI: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_2AGPROFGPMGMI_07/summary?keywords=2A%20%2B%20GPROF |
PPS Near Real-time | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | HDF5 | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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Worldview | GPM GMI | Precipitation Rate (mm/hr) | Visualization | 1 Day |
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Level 1A: Reconstructed, unprocessed instrument data at full resolution, time referenced, and annotated with ancillary information, including radiometric and geometric calibration coefficients and georeferencing parameters (i.e., platform ephemeris), computed and appended, but not applied, to Level 0 data.
Level 1B: Radiometrically corrected and geolocated Level 1A data that have been processed to sensor units..
Level 1C: Common intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc) products using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) Level 1B as the reference standard.
1C
Calibrated brightness temperature for GPM GMI, TRMM TMI, and constellation microwave radiometers
The Level 1C algorithms calculate calibrated brightness temperature values so that the brightness temperature form an individual sensor is consistent with the brightness temperature from other passive-microwave sensors. Currently, the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) is the reference instrument for calibrating the other sensors. The 1C data product is the lowest level passive-microwave data product that most researchers are interested in examining, although some instruments have more primitive data products available from the GPM project.
The Level 1C algorithms contain the following major components:
- Orbitization
- Satellite intercalibration
- Quality control
- Ancillary data calculations.
The algorithm theoretical basis document (ATBD) cited below describes the general implementation of the algorithm and appendices describe sensor-specific details. The following instruments are described: GMI, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMI/S), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d'Humidite Intertropicale par Radiometrie (SAPHIR), and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS).
- The GPM Mission (Hou et al., 2014, https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00164.1)
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Near Real-time | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5 | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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GES DISC | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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GPM GMI: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_1CGPMGMI_R_05/summary?keywords=1C |
PPS Research | Constellation Microwave Sensors, GPM GMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | Binary, HDF5 | Varies by satellite, 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
1B
Brightness temperatures for GPM GMI, and TRMM TMI, PR and VIRS
The Level 1B algorithm and software transform Level 0 counts into geolocated and calibrated antenna temperatures (Ta) and brightness temperatures (Tb). Ta is obtained by utilizing the sensor radiometric calibration as well as various corrections based on after launch analyses. Tb is derived from Ta after antenna pattern correction (APC) and along scan corrections.
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Near Real-time | GPM GMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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PPS Research | GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI, TRMM VIIRS | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
GES DISC | GPM GMI, TRMM PR, TRMM TMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5, OPeNDAP | 1.5 Hour |
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GPM GMI: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_1BGMI_05/summary |
1A
Reconstructed, unprocessed instrument data at full resolution for GPM GMI and TRMM TMI
1AGMI contains unpacked packet data from GMI science data from the GMI passive microwave instrument flown on the GPM satellite. Swath S1 has 9 channels which are similar to TRMM TMI (10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V 89H). Swath S2 has 4 channels similar to AMSU-B (166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument. Swath S3 has ScienceDataHeader. Swath S4 has full rotation for low freq channels (S1). Swath S5 has full rotation for high freq channels (S2)
Data Source | Instruments | Primary Unit / Variable | Data Format(s) | Temporal Resolution | Instructions / Notes | Download URL |
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PPS Research | GPM GMI, TRMM TMI | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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HTTPS: https://arthurhouhttps.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/gpmdata/ |
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PPS Near Real-time | GPM GMI | Brightness Temperature (TB) | HDF5 | 1.5 Hour |
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The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), is a space based instrument used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning (cloud-to-cloud, intracloud, and cloud-to-ground lightning) that occurs in the tropical regions of the globe.
Resolution: 3 - 6 km
Dates: 1/1/1998 - 4/8/2015
The Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) sensor is one of the five instruments on the TRMM satellite. The VIRS instrument has a swath width of 720 km and a horizontal resolution of 2 km at nadir. VIRS is similar to the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) now in operation on polar-orbital environmental satellites.
VIRS Channels
Channel | SpectralRegion | Wavelength (µm) |
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1 | Visible | 0.63 |
2 | Near Infrared | 1.60 |
3 | Near Infrared | 3.75 |
4 | Near Infrared | 10.8 |
5 | Infrared | 12.0 |
Resolution: 2.4km
Dates: 12/20/1997 - 4/8/2015