How can I assess and interpret the ProbabilityLiquidPhase and rain/snow/precipitation data fields in the GeoTIFF "value-added" IMERG products?
The GeoTIFF "value-added" products have both the ProbabilityLiquidPhase and a split-out of the precipitation into liquid and solid (note—both are liquid equivalent). The documentation is at https://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/README.GIS.pdf and quoting from p. 14-15:
