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This document describes the algorithm and processing sequence for the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG).  This algorithm is intended to intercalibrate, merge, and interpolate “all” satellite microwave precipitation estimates, together with microwave-calibrated infrared (IR) satellite estimates, precipitation gauge analyses, and potentially other precipitation estimators at fine time and space scales for the TRMM and GPM eras over the entire globe.  The system is run several times for each observation time, first giving a quick estimate and successively providin

Date Last Updated
May 15th, 2022
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This ATBD describes the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) passive microwave rainfall algorithm, which is a parametric algorithm used to serve all GPM constellation radiometers. The output parameters of the algorithm are enumerated in Table 1. It is based upon the concept that the GPM core satellite, with its Dual Frequency Radar (DPR) and GPM Microwave Imager (GMI), will be used to build a consistent a-priori database of cloud and precipitation profiles to help constrain possible solutions from the constellation radiometers.

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Date Last Updated
April 1st, 2016
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Level 1C (L1C) algorithms are a collection of algorithms that produce common calibrated brightness temperature products for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core and Constellation satellites.

This document describes the GPM Level 1C algorithms. It consists of physical and mathematical bases for orbitization, satellite intercalibration, and quality control, as well as the software architecture and implementation for the Level 1C algorithms.

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Document Description

The GPM Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm performs two basic functions: first, it provides, in principle, the most accurate, high resolution estimates of surface rainfall rate and precipitation vertical precipitation distributions that can be achieved from a spaceborne platform, and it is therefore valuable for applications where information regarding instantaneous storm structure are vital.

Date Last Updated
December 17th, 2021
Document Description

This document describes the basic idea of DPR data processing. It was originally written for the algorithm used in the at-launch version (V03). The algorithm has been modified and improved since then. Although the basic idea of data processing remains the same, the actual flow of processing, in particular that in the solver module, has changed substantially. As a result, some part of description in Section 3.1 may not be relevant any more.

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Tropical Storm BEATRIZ Forms Off Mexican Coast

Tropical depression 02E was upgraded to tropical storm Beatriz on 19 June 2011 at 1800 UTC (1100 AM PDT). The TRMM satellite flew over on the same date at 1105 UTC( 0400 AM PDT) obtaining data used in the image shown above. Beatriz was already well organized with TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) data showing that thunderstorms were dropping heavy rainfall in a large area near the center of the forming storm. PR data revealed that some of these powerful storms were reaching heights above 15 km (9.3 miles).

Another Tropical Cyclone Develops Near The Philippines

The sixth western Pacific tropical cyclone (06W) of 2011 has developed near the Philippines. Tropical storm AERE, super syphoon SONGDA and Tropical Storm SARIKA have already affected the Philippines this year. The TRMM satellite had an early morning look at the forming depression on 16 June 2011 at 2130 UTC. A precipitation analysis from TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) shows that 06W wasn't well organized but contained areas of moderate to heavy rainfall located east of the Philippines. 06W is expected to intensify to a tropical storm, brush the northeastern coast of

TRMM Sees Adrian's Eye

Hurricane Adrian's eye was clearly seen by the TRMM satellite when it passed over on 10 June 2011 at 1608 UTC. The heavy rainfall completely surrounding Adrian's well defined eye was revealed with TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) data obtained at the same time. Hurricane Adrain, located southwest Mexico , was classified as a dangerous category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale with sustained wind speeds estimated at 115 kts (~132 mph).

Adrian now a Powerful Hurricane

The TRMM satellite captured data used in this dramatic image of Hurricane Adrian when it passed directly above on 9 June 2011 at 0714 UTC. The increasingly powerful hurricane had sustained winds estimated to be close to 80 kts (~92 mph) at the time of this pass. TRMM's Precipitation Radar (PR) instrument revealed that beneath the clouds there were intense thunderstorms dropping rain at a rate of over 50 mm/hr (~2 inches) in a nearly circular eye wall. The PR also indicated that some thunderstorms in the eye wall were shooting up to heights above 15 km (~9.3 miles). Click here to see a

Tropical Storm Adrian Seen Forming

Tropical Depression ONE-E was well on it's way to becoming tropical storm ADRIAN when the TRMM satellite flew over again on 7 June 2011 at 1717 UTC. Rainfall data from TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) show that bands of rainfall were starting to get organized. A red tropical storm symbol shows the location of the future storm's center of circulation. TRMM's PR showed thunderstorm towers as high as 15 km (~9.3 miles) in rain bands west of ADRIAN's center.