Are raindrops really shaped like teardrops?

Not really. Raindrops start out as round cloud droplets. As they grow and start falling, they begin to experience the resistance of the air, which causes them to flatten and resemble tiny M&M candy. Further growth leads to thinning in the center of the M&M, until the eventual breakup of the drop.

The flattening of raindrops alters the echo they produce when "illuminated" by radar from the side. But for a space-borne radar such as the GPM DPR, the effect is minimal.

Watch the below video to learn more:

When it is raining on the ground, how far up into the atmosphere does this rain extend?

Usually up to the "freezing level", where the temperature has decreased to below 0° C (over the tropics, that occurs at about 5000 meters; over Los Angeles, it fluctuates between 2000 and 4000 meters in winter, and between 4000 and 5000 meters in summer). In different types of rain, there can be frozen water such as hail mixed with the rain below the freezing level, and/or "super-cooled" liquid drops above it.

How much rain can fall in an hour?

Rain rates up to 400 millimeters per hour have been measured in particularly strong tropical cyclones. However, even within the strongest storms, such high instantaneous rates are rarely sustained for periods longer than a minute, although a point on the ground can accumulate as much as 1800 millimeters per 24 hours during the passage of an exceptionally strong rainstorm.

How is GPM data used in real-world applications?

Humans are directly impacted by changes in precipitation on a range of scales. An increase in rainfall can cause flooding or landslides that affect individual homes, cities, or even entire countries. Drought conditions can impact a region’s susceptibility to wildfire or diminish crop yields for local farmers—both of which can have cascading effects on the local to global economy.