A trough of low pressure draped across the Greater Antilles together with a persistent area of broad low pressure located in the western Caribbean combined to bring a weeks worth of steady and often heavy rains to the region. This resulted in flooding across portions of Haiti, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite, which was launched in November of 1997 uses both passive and active sensors to measure rainfall over the global tropics from space. To increase the effective coverage, TRMM can be used to calibrate

The TRMM-based, near-real time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center was used in the analysis above to show the total rainfall that occurred when super typhoon Songda was active in the western Pacific Ocean. TMPA rainfall totals are shown here for the period from 23 May to 31 May 2011. The rainfall analysis indicated that the highest rainfall totals of over 300mm (~11.8 inches) occurred in the Pacific east of the Philippines. The highest rainfall totals over land fell in the islands of southern Japan even though Songda had by then weakened to a

Super Typhoon Songda was seen again by the TRMM satellite on 27 May 2011 at 0710 UTC. The TRMM satellite view shows that powerful super typhoon Songda contained bands of extremely heavy rainfall with numerous powerful thunderstorms. Songda is predicted to pass to the east of Taiwan and weaken over the next few days. Bands of rainfall from the weakening storm may move over Japan as the predicted center brushes the south-eastern coastline from 29-30 May 2011.

As predicted, Typhoon Songda intensified and was a super typhoon with wind speeds estimated at over 130 kts ( ~145 mph) when the TRMM satellite passed directly over head on 26 May 2011 at 0806 UTC. The image above used data from TRMM's Visible and InfraRed Scanner (VIRS) and a TRMM rainfall analysis . The rainfall analysis from TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) data shows that Songda had a circular eye with extremely heavy rainfall, particularly in the southeast quadrant. TRMM's PR data shows the concentric rain bands typical of powerful typhoons. Below is a simulated

Typhoon Songda was east of the Philippines when the TRMM satellite had an early evening view on 25 May 2011 at 0903 UTC. Both TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) instruments were used to provide the rainfall analysis shown above. TRMM's TMI had the best coverage of rainfall with Songda and showed well organized bands of moderate to heavy rainfall converging into the typhoon. Songda was an intensifying category 3 typhoon, on the Saffir-Simpson scale, with wind speeds of over 105 kts (~121 mph) at that time. Songda is predicted to become a very powerful category 4 super